Preparations for battle:

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Excessive training

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Idea of attacking in waves replaced with small platoons armed with light machine guns and grenades

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Creeping Barrage (heavy artillery provided cover by shooting just ahead of them); Canadians surprised the Germans

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Andy McNaughton - McGill University professor and expert gunner; developed ways to measure wear and tear on guns to keep them accurate and used other technology to pinpoint and destroy German guns.  "You Canadians take all the fun out of war."

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Engineers - built roads, railways, and tunnels;  one tunnel could hold 1,000 troops